Truman’s Decision To Bomb Japan In World War II †Free Samples

Question: Examine about the Trumans Decision To Bomb Japan In World War II. Answer: Presentation: The bombs were created by and with the management of Dwight D. Eisenhower, Douglas McArthur, William Leahy and associate secretary of war John J. McCloy. The two bombs were dropped on two urban communities of Japan Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9 of every 1945, individually. Aside from the permanent scar that the bombs had left on the mankind's history, there has been a long history of bombings. The focal point of this exposition will be the choice of shelling the Japanese urban communities and whether it was made so as to end the drawn out threatening vibe between the two countries and make Japan give up to the US and its partners in Second World War. Conversation: There is a long discussion with respect to the bombings. Recent American president Truman, inside about fourteen days of being confirmed as president, was educated by Stimson, who were the secretary of War around then, that inside four months the most risky weapon would be prepared for use (Herken, 2014). Notwithstanding, Truman was not of the assessment of utilizing the bombs. Indeed, even the researchers in the Manhattan venture were separated between a camp that wished to utilize the bombs to utilize where it is best and to have a military show in Japan. (Reed, 2014). American government additionally attempted to guarantee Soviet Russia that Germany won't make a strong rebound into the war. The military acquiescence of Japan was vital now in the war so as to solidify the forces of Western countries. Besides, Trumans choice was in a roundabout way influenced by past president Roosevelt heritage that states unequivocal acquiescence of the adversaries to end the war. On May 8, 1945, as Germans gave up unequivocally, Americans want for all out triumph in the pacific were developing progressively serious. Indeed, even the two countries, America and Japan were having extraordinary racial threatening vibe towards one another. Numerous Americans were persuaded that the Jaspanese head Hirohito was the purpose for Japan propelling a forceful war against foes. Japanese likewise typified a genuine Japanese soul into head Hirohito. In mid-July of 1945, Truman met British secretary Clement Attlee and Soviet pioneer Josef Stalin in Postdam gathering, to guarantee Soviet interest in the war against Japan and to remake the eventual fate of Europe with the information on effective testing of the bomb in New Mexico desert before going to the meeting (Selden, 2015). At long last, Truman, Attlee and the patriot legislature of china proclaimed the aftereffect of Postdam gathering that reported that Japan will confront articulate devastation except if they give up (Messer, 2017). History specialists have had contrasting perspectives both in help for and against the choice. Some revisionist history specialists contended that the Americans needed Japan to give up before Soviet could make passage into the pacific war. Andrew Rotter contended that Truman needed to spare American lives just as win the fight against Japan without negligible misfortune. Thomas Zeiler deduced in the chronicled of post-bombarding mercilessness that the besieging was done out of military reasons as opposed to political reasons (Prados, 2013). History specialists additionally feel that the greater stun and all out acquiescence from Japan was watched not by the bombings, yet when Soviet announced a war against Japan two days after the bombs were dropped (Wilson, 2013). Japanese history specialist Yuki Tanaka said that Soviet would demolish the deep rooted majestic framework and execute the regal family. A study uncovered that 85% among the American residents were on the side of the bombings (Messer, 2017). In spite of the fact that the level of Americans dropped to a much lower number at present, just the more seasoned individuals currently adhere to their sentiment in help for the choice. Americans were dreading the forceful Japanese military activities and both the nations were antagonistic towards the others race. Teacher of History in Harvard University, Charles Maier contended in a meeting that it would have been hard for Truman to legitimize the prolongation of the war, which would have carried an extraordinary number of setbacks to the American fighters and residents the same, when he was mindful of the atomic weapon available to him. President Truman can never be excused as anxious in taking his choices. He had investigated each alternative at his hand before announcing the final offer against Japan. Then again, pressure was working in the military circumstances in both the camps. President Truman did what he could do to make sure about the lives of the American residents. End: Million lives were lost inside a couple of days of the two bombings. Waiting radioactive impacts of the atomic bombs on Japanese individuals caused long lasting serious maladies. Notwithstanding the unavoidable conditions prompting taking the choice to bomb, as has been examined over, the lives of half million guiltless Japanese were placed in perpetual hopelessness. Despite the fact that America effectively finished with a triumph over the Pacific war, the average folks torments were deplorable and frequent them till date. References: Herken, G. (2014).The Winning Weapon: The Atomic Bomb neglected War, 1945-1950. Princeton University Press. Messer, R. L. (2017).The End of an Alliance: James F. Byrnes, Roosevelt, Truman, and the Origins of the Cold War. UNC Press Books. Prados, J. (2013). Of Spies and Stratagems.A Companion to World War II, Volume I II, 482-500. Reed, B. C. (2014). The Manhattan Project.Physica Scripta,89(10), 108003. Selden, K. I., Selden, M. (2015).The Atomic bomb: voices from Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Routledge. Walker, J. S. (2016).Prompt and express annihilation: Truman and the utilization of nuclear bombs against Japan. UNC Press Books. Wilson, W. (2013). The Bomb Didnt Beat Japan Stalin Did.Foreign Policy.

Poem Reflection free essay sample

The Poem Ballad of Birmingham drew out an importance to me of how a mother can attempt to secure her kids so a lot however yet regardless of how much the insurance can be, a youngster will consistently figure out how to leave. By relinquishing her little girl she discovers that she won't generally have her and that there will consistently come a period In a young ladies life where you need to release them. On account of the sonnet the mother by relinquishing her little girl brought her extraordinary agony, in light of the fact that the girl was everlastingly lost.On the surface level the sonnet it is clearly about how a little girl goes out as she needed, despite the fact that the mother was apprehensive and frightened. Minutes after the girl goes out the mother hears a besieging or firearm shots, she heads out to discover her little girl however just discovers one of the girls shoes and the rest is no more. We will compose a custom paper test on Sonnet Reflection or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The sonnet is demonstrating that the mother was directly in ensuring her youngster and attempting to shield her inside to keep her from getting injured. In a more profound level the sonnet is about how every kid goes to a point where they are grown up and they need to go out into he genuine world and gain from their own mistakes.It is likewise indicating the dread and the agony that the mother may be experiencing in light of the fact that she needs nothing awful to happen to their youngsters yet they also figure out how to give up and let them fly. This sonnet was one of my top choices since I accept that regardless of the amount you love your family, there consistently comes an opportunity to leave from them and Just experience this present reality. A parent wont consistently be there to hold your hand and despite the fact that you may get injured and you may hit a great deal of knocks in life you need to attempt to give up.

Depressed Teens and Alcohol Use

Depressed Teens and Alcohol Use Addiction Alcohol Use Print The Link Between Depression and Alcohol Use in Teens By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Updated on February 14, 2020 Image Source / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), alcohol is the most commonly used and abused drug among youth in the United States. And just how commonly used is it?   Prevalence of Alcohol Use Among Teens The 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey found that, among high school students, 35 percent drank some amount of alcohol, 21 percent binge drank. 10 percent drove after drinking alcohol, and 22 percent rode with a driver who had been drinking alcohol. Also in 2013, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health reported that 23 percent of youth aged 12 to 20 years drank alcohol and 14 percent reported binge drinking. And the Monitoring the Future Survey reported that 28 percent of 8th graders and 68 percent of 12th graders had tried alcohol. Teen Drinking Might Be a Symptom of an Underlying Depression Because alcohol is easy to obtain and socially acceptable, it is a very popular means of self-medication for depression. Despite the fact that it is illegal for young teens to purchase alcohol, they are often able to get it through their parents liquor cabinets, unscrupulous store clerks, or older friends who purchase it for them. Says Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) administrator Nelba Chavez, Ph.D., Parents need to know that alcohol use can also be a warning sign or a cry for help that something is seriously wrong in a childs life. Other Reasons Why Teens Drink People use alcohol for numerous reasons. Peer pressure, celebration, anxiety, sadness, boredom, rebellion, and insomnia are just a few of the reasons your teen may be picking up that can of beer.  It could also be argued that drinking to cope with depression has almost become a badge of honor in our society, a visible sign to the world that one is, indeed, hurting. Warning Signs Try to keep an eye out for the smell of alcohol on your teens breath, slurred speech, and problems with coordination. These are all tell-tale signs of alcohol use. Drinkers tend to be more prone to  unintentional injuries  such as falls, car accidents, falls, drowning, and burns.  Falling grades, skipping school, and behavioral problems are also more common in teen drinkers.  You may also notice sudden changes in the friends your child is spending time with. How You Can Help Your Teen Parental involvement is one of the keys to preventing teens from drinking. Take steps to educate your teen about the dangers of drinking and conduct ongoing conversations about alcohol. In addition, you should maintain a strong relationship with your teen, keep track of your teens activities, teach your teen social skills, establish clear rules and consequences, and be a good role model. And if you suspect your teens drinking is a sign of depression, seek out the help of mental health professional.

Essay on Roles Needs of a Criminal Justice Professional

Roles Needs of a Criminal Justice Professional Sarah Cavileer Kaplan University CJ100: Preparing For a Career in Public Safety September 18, 2012 As we all know – there are tons of social issues within the entire world that Criminal Justice Practitioners deal with, most likely, on a daily basis. One of the many social issues I’ve chosen is Prison Overcrowding. Prison Overcrowding is one of America’s most critical issues in the Criminal Justice system. Just as the name states, the problem is insufficient jail space – for which the solution would be to build more facilities. What causes this problem? There are a lot of people in the world that believe putting all crime doers in jail is the best resolution. Let’s be honest here†¦show more content†¦The third issue is the extent to which law enforcement emphasis should be on persons who transport and employ the undocumented immigrants, rather than on the immigrants themselves. Now, the real problem to immigration is on a massive scale. There are more than 10 million undocumented immigrants currently residing in the United States and that population grows by 700,000/year. One of the reasons why immigrants come to America is because so many of them are attracted to the idea of freedom – plus the pleasant appearance of America. This shows the sign of how dange rously open our boarders are. A lot of times, illegal immigrants come to America mainly for jobs. â€Å"However, they also take away value by weakening the legal and national security environment. When three out of every 100 people in America are undocumented (or, rather, documented with forged and faked papers), there is a profound security problem. Even though they pose no direct security threat, the presence of millions of undocumented migrants distorts the law, distracts resources, and effectively creates a cover for terrorists and criminals.† http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2006/03/the-real-problem-with-immigration-and-the-real-solution When it comes to the social issue of Child Abuse, things get pretty insane. Child Abuse is a major issue that happens throughout the entire world. Child abuse isShow MoreRelatedCriminal Justice: the Right Job for You Essay787 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 7: Criminal Justice: The Right Job for You I am going to be talking about 3 key social issues contributing to the need for criminal justice practitioners and providing examples for each issue. I will also be explaining the role of the criminal justice professional in serving individual and societal needs. Lastly I will explain how key social issues impact the role of the criminal justice professional and provide 2-3 examples to support my position. One key social issue contributing toRead MoreEthics in Criminal Justice Administration Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesEthics in Criminal Justice Administration Analysis Lisa Myatt CJA/484 David Mailloux July 30, 2012 Ethics and professional behavior are an important part of criminal justice administration. Ethics is referred to as what is right or wrong and your moral principles. Criminal justice administration are faced with ethical issues everyday and must deal with this ethical issues in a professional manner. The administration in criminal justice especially theRead MoreLeadership Skills and Criminal Justice Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Skills for Criminal Justice Professionals Leadership involves the commitment, dedication, and risk taking attitude of the individual, which also includes other skills to accomplish the tasks. â€Å"In a criminal justice organization, leadership is essential to the success of the goals of the organization† (McKinney, 2008).Criminal justice professionals should develop and maintain leadership skills in their professional and personal lives because they are role models, and their decision-makingRead MoreCrime And The Criminal Justice System1511 Words   |  7 Pageshas always been a need to have a system in place in order to ensure that the laws of the land are followed by all. This system, today, is called the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system is very important in serving the individual needs and society’s needs by making individuals feel safe and secure and by fulfilling societal requirements of punishing that criminal element that infringes on those needs of individuals. The role that the criminal justice professional is vital when itRead MoreCase Study Term 2 Unit 4 Assignment750 Words   |  3 PagesCASE STUDY 2 Criminal Justice professionals have certain responsibilities and duties in order to fulfill the needs of society. Criminal justice professionals are the backbone to any society and they are given certain authority and power by the government to protect its citizens. This sets them apart from the general population. They are expected to fulfill the vast amount of duties expected of them in a professional manner. Criminal justice professionals are expected to haveRead MoreTerrorism And New Versus Old Terrorism891 Words   |  4 Pagesin high school it was common to hear the phrase â€Å"When will I ever use this in life† or â€Å"I’ll never use this again, so I don’t care†. For some classes this may be true. However, English is definitely not one of those classes. In the field of criminal justice, you have to use writing from the time you enter college until the day you retire from whatever job you have taken. Whether you like it or not, writing will always be something you have to do, and do well. I recently spoke with a studentRead MoreEthics in Criminal Justice Administration Analysis Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesEthics in Criminal Justice Administration Analysis Ethics in the criminal justice system is customary when the administration measures are sometime virtuous and imperfect, attractive and unattractive and the ideas of production values are perceptive that this may be right and wrong. Working in the criminal justice system, every decision and results must meet the needs of the citizens and the law enforcement in regards to the balancing concern. The concerns are from prosecuting the guilty and respectingRead MoreRoles and Responsibilities of Public Policing vs. Private Security1652 Words   |  7 PagesRoles and Responsibilities of Public Policing vs. Private Security ASJ-502 February 6, 2012 Abstract This paper explores the similarities and differences of public police and private security throughout history. How the criminal justice system and public police and private security are linked to each other. The essential policies that have been developed and how these police have assisted in the cooperation between police and private security. Finally, the need for a comprehensive securityRead MoreHowe - Week 2.docx992 Words   |  4 Pagesday-to-day operations within criminal justice settings. 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These professionals must act on the morals and laws stated by society rather than

The Black Panther Party By James Mcbride Vibrantly

Who would know that a ragtag group of a bunch of blacks would turn out to be the most influential black rights movement? A group so controversial that there are many perspectives of how the general public views them. The Black Panther Party strikes up an immense amount of controversy despite their inactivity of almost 35 years. From the law enforcement’s perspective, The Black Panther Party were viewed as radical criminals who randomly murdered innocent police officers. Though from the standpoint of many blacks of the time, they were viewed as heroes and martyrs, those who died and cared for their community. As James McBride vibrantly describes in his memoir, The Color of Water, his relationship toward The Black Panther Party was†¦show more content†¦The party eventually built up a huge enemy, including the former FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover who launched a program to discredit black nationalists groups. The program was dubbed COINTELPRO, or The Counterintelligence Pr ogram. Many of the FBI members involved in the program followed and stalked members of The Black Panther Party and their families. Though the program’s main priority were The Black Panthers, they did target other parties. Despite many government figures against The Black Panther Party, they recruited many members of the community through displaying their tasteful fashion senses. They equipped afros, leather jackets, and berets. This had a special appeal to many black Americans at this era. Many younger black kids wanted to join because of their stylish and unique fashion. â€Å"One of the things that Panthers did was prove that urban black is beautiful (Workneh and Finley).† Their strong belief was that black is beautiful, and it’s a god-given. â€Å"As I sat on the bus peering out the window at Mommy, the only white face in a sea of black face, a black man walked up with his son. He had a mustache and a goatee and wore black leather pants, a black leather jack et, a ton of jewelry, and a black beret (McBride [Page 35]).† This quote distinguishes the type of clothing Black Panthers wore and how they seemed more slick than the average black at the time. â€Å"I saw the Black Panther

On Dumpster Diving Review Free Essays

In the article â€Å"On Dumpster Diving†, Eighner states â€Å"After all, the finding of objects is becoming something of an urban art† (455). This shows Eighner is not embarrassed about this practice because it really is meaningful and helps him to survive. Although this art is view for so many people as disgusting, after reading this article and analyzing it, dumpster diving involve certain skills, knowledge and values that makes me think when using them, dumpster diving is a whole different thing than just a nasty practice. We will write a custom essay sample on On Dumpster Diving Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now I can recall the times I threw good food, supplies and even clothes that I thought were not useful or simply I did not like anymore, and regret it because it makes me feel like the type of college students Eighner mentions in his writing. â€Å"To live in the streets I must anticipate my needs to a certain extent: I must pick up and save warm bedding I find in August because it will not be found in Dumpsters in November† (406). It is incredible how people like us with our hands full of privileges call some things garbage while for those that lack of them have to take advantage to sustain their lives in the present and the future. Now, I am certain that my trash will look different, or otherwise it will make me feel bad since I know someone else might want that piece of bread or need that pair of shoes. As I read over and over Eighner’s lines he looks wiser to me. He emphasizes the value of things and how anything becomes useful, or in other words sustainability â€Å"†¦ things of interest turn up every day and some days are finds of great value. I personally think the main point of this writing is to open people’s eyes and see how we do not appreciate anything around us, and not only the material stuff but also our environment and community. We do not take care of our natural resources and waste them as if they were infinite, we do the same with our things, we stereotype people without t hinking that every single person in different. And if all together put a little of interest and work toward our community, it would make sustainability easier. How to cite On Dumpster Diving Review, Papers

Agricultural Reforms in Australia Single Economy

Question: Describe about the Agricultural Reforms in Australia for Single Economy. Answer: Introduction In the whole world, no single economy can claim that it does not support agricultural activities. It is one of the conditions necessary for ensuring survival. Economies that have well improved agricultural systems have a greater supply of food products, which in turn reduces the cost of living (Langridge, Cordell, and DOcchio, 2014). The income spent on food can, in that case, be used in the purchase of other goods and services required by the households. Other than the supply of food, agriculture is a basic source of income. Fuglie, Wang and Ball (2012) noted pointed out that this agricultural sector in Australia provide many employment opportunities. This is especially on those people living in the rural areas. In the case of Australia, most people practice both small and large scale farming. Agricultural practices in Australia differ from one place to another since climatic conditions also differ. While in some areas, the climate supports agricultural growth, in other areas, only pastoralism prevails. The reason for this is because there exist some rainfall shortages in some of the areas. Agriculture in Australia was introduced so many years ago. Its introduction was later developed to ensure that there was food security. So many challenges have been faced over the years. Whereas some of the economic and environmental factors have contributed to increased agricultural production, others, have contributed to the reduction of the output produced. The reforms for agriculture have mainly been meant to contain these challenges. Some of the reforms have been successful, others have failed, and others are still under implementation. This paper will include some of the problems facing farmers and the reforms implemented on the same. The projected reforms if any will also be provided. Conclusions will be drawn, and necessary recommendations made after the reforms consideration. Financial Reforms Financial reforms in Australian Agriculture were introduced to curb the challenges faced by most farmers who practice small-scale farming. Farmers income is in most cases not insured. This is because it is difficult to insure all farmers owing to their production of similar products and therefore facing similar risks. If for instance, a bad climatic challenge occurs, it would affect all the farmers. Johnston and Frengley (1994) argued that there is a high possibility of the small scale farmers being unable to repay their loans. For this case, financial institutions are not willing to lend them with the necessary capital required for development. It explains why some farming practices are still outdated up to date. The introduction of micro-finance institutions according to Johnson and Forbes (2000), is the best reform in ensuring that the poor farmers have access to credit. Irrigation Reforms Water shortages is a great challenge for Australian farmers. Reforms are therefore necessary to ensure that farmers are able to carry out their activities without necessarily relying on rainfall. According to Vidot (2015), the government has an initiative of conserving water for irrigation by constructing large dams to act as reservoirs. The Economist.com (2007) pointed out that governmental intervention was to be raised to control the level of water pollution and increased usage for exploitation by farmers. Farming in Urban Areas Initially, farming was mostly practiced in the rural areas. They supplied most of the food products consumed in the urban areas. In the urban areas, there exist the challenge of the availability of small pieces of land held by the households (Burton, 2012). Moreover, these areas are more industrialized and highly congested. This reduces the suitability of this climate in supporting crops growth and development. The high population growth in Australia created the rationale for seeking better methods of supplying more food (Langridge, Cordell and DOcchio, 2014). The advancement in technology has enabled some farmers to create a crop supporting facilities such as greenhouses in the urban areas. Though it poses some climatic effect challenges, it has led to increased food supply in the areas. Tax Reforms The implementation of the Farm Management Deposits (FDMs) legislation is among the key agricultural reforms in Australia. The poor Australian climate, market prices fluctuations, and natural disasters are the major factors that contribute to most financial risks facing the farmers. This legislation was meant to induce farmers to save more during periods of greater output production, so as to minimize the impact of low output production period (Ato.gov.au, 2015). According to Chan (2014), these deposits are very attractive as they are tax-free; tax is only charged upon the withdrawal of the saved money. This has helped in ensuring that farmers have enough capital to carry out their activities (financial security) even after a bad season (Agriculture.gov.au, 2016). Crop Insurance Reforms This is one of the reforms that have proven unsuccessful over the years (Vidot, 2015). The unwillingness of insurance companies in insuring crops production has significantly contributed to the failed success. Conclusion The increased population growth and human development have raised the demand for food products. The supply of cheap food products in Australia has been as a result of increased food supply. The increased supply has been facilitated by advancement in technology and increased investment in research and development. The Australian government intervention in the agricultural sector has resulted in improved food production. Agricultural reforms have enabled the Australian economy to produce quality products; it is one big exporter of agricultural products. Recommendations The government and policy makers should strive to ensure that all the reforms that have not been successful earlier be successful. For instance, crop insurance could induce farmers to produce more. There should be increased research and development investment to ensure that better reforms are introduced that will help Australia sustain its high food production level in the future. Factors such as infrastructure should be significantly improved to facilitate better agricultural practices. The government should regulate the housing construction in urban areas so as to free up some land for urban farming. It should also have an initiative to make the dry areas favorable for agricultural activities as this would boost production. The government should formulate policies to ensure that favor small-scale farmers in access to capital. References Agriculture.gov.au. (2016). Farm Management Deposits. [Online] Available at: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/ag-farm-food/drought/assistance/fmd [Accessed 30 Aug. 2016]. Ato.gov.au, (2015). Farm management deposits scheme | Australian Taxation Office. [Online] Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Business/Primary-producers/In-detail/Farm-management-deposits-scheme/Farm-management-deposits-scheme/ [Accessed 29 Aug. 2016]. Burton, P. (2012). Grow your own: making Australian cities more food-secure. [Online] Theconversation.com. Available at: https://theconversation.com/grow-your-own-making-australian-cities-more-food-secure-8021 [Accessed 30 Aug. 2016]. Chan, G. (2014). Australian farmers hold $3.21bn in farm management deposits. [Online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/25/australian-farmers-hold-321bn-in-farm-management-deposits [Accessed 30 Aug. 2016]. Economist.com. (2007). The big dry | The Economist. [Online] Available at: https://www.economist.com/node/9071007 [Accessed 29 Aug. 2016]. Fuglie, K., Wang, S. and Ball, V. (2012). Productivity Growth in Agriculture. Wallingford Oxfordshire, UK: CABI. Johnson, R. and Forbes, R. (2000). Recent productivity trends in New Zealand primary sectors. [Wellington, N.Z.: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Johnston, W. and Frengley, G. (1994). Economic Adjustments and Changes in Financial Viability of the Farming Sector: The New Zealand Experience. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 76(5), p.1034. Langridge, P., Cordell, D. and DOcchio, M. (2014). Agriculture in Australia: growing more than our farming future. [Online] Theconversation.com. Available at: https://theconversation.com/agriculture-in-australia-growing-more-than-our-farming-future-22843 [Accessed 30 Aug. 2016]. Vidot, A. (2015). Farmers approve of White Paper vision. [Online] ABC Rural. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-07-04/farmers-welcome-agriculture-white-paper/6595250 [Accessed 29 Aug. 2016].

Hobbes A Social Covenant Theorist Essays - Libertarian Theory

Hobbes A Social Covenant Theorist Hobbes -- a Social Covenant Theorist Throughout the assigned portions of the Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes proves to be a social contract theorist, however inconsistently. Through his explanation of humanity extracting itself out of the state of Nature, by developing rules pertaining to property and contract, by means of the creation of a Sovereign, or Common Wealth, he clearly elucidates the basic concepts of social contract theory. In order to fully grasp Hobbes theory of Social Contract, one must first become familiar with his basic premises of The State of Nature. In this state each individual is inherently in a perpetual state of war, due to several given reasons. Hobbes assumes that Nature hath made menequall. (Hobbes 183) Also, that in this state of war all men exemplify purely egoistic behavior, striving to do whatever possible to maximize their own utility, even if it requires murdering another. In addition to these conditions, in the state of nature, there exists a state of natural scarcity, in which, a finite amount of goods, possessions, property, cattell, wives, whatever, exist to satisfy mans infinite wants. And therefore if any two men desire the same thingthey become enemies andendeavour to destroy or subdue one an other. (Hobbes 184) Hence, creating a constant state of war. At no time, in this natural state, is injustice even possible. As Hobbes so concisely states, Where there is no common Power, there is no Law: where no Law, no Injustice. (Hobbes 188) Essentially, since every man is entitled to everything, he is also at liberty to exert any means possible -- including violence -- in order to satisfy all of his wants and needs. In this State of War, each individual is at the mercy of any of the whims of any invader, neighbor, child, or any other entity lest they fail to protect themselves. Expressed by Hobbes, And therefore, as long as this naturall Right of everyman to every thing endureth there can be no security to any man, of living out the time, which Nature ordinarily alloweth men to live. (Hobbes 190) In addition to this most inconvenient physical state of nature, Hobbes elaborates upon the mutuall transferring of right. (Hobbes 192) It is necessary for men to enter into contracts, a mutual agreement made by individuals in order to exchange the right to the thing. (Hobbes 193) Things can range from deciding on peace between two quarreling parties, with demands and peaceful sacrifices from both ends, to an agreement between two merchants for goods and services. At times it is necessary for one of the Contractors to, deliver the Thing contracted for on his part, and leave the other to perform his part at some determinate time after. (Hobbes 193) Thusly, forming this covenant, which promises that a good or service of some sort will be awarded to one of the contractors at a future time. However, in the state of nature, there exists absolutely no assurance that ones contracts or covenants will be upheld. Hobbes argues that it is in everymans best interest to not fulfill his end of the bargain, as it were. Therefore, due to his feare of not performance on either part, men are driven, by their own suspicions to create a coercive power, or sovereign, to regulate their contractual agreements and covenants. Just as outlined in Social Contract theory, those in the state of nature, found it in their best interests to enter into a social contract, thereby abandoning some of their freedoms, in order to have the reigning entity of a Sovereign, or Commonwealth. This contract must be entered into by all men, with all men, who should perhaps say to each other, as Hobbes suggests, I authorise and give up my Right of Governing my selfe, to this Man, or to this Assembly of men, on this condition, that thou give up thy Right to him, and Authorise all his Actions in like manner. (Hobbes, 227) This governing unit was a single individual or group of individuals, established to preside over all contracts, or covenants made. In this capacity, Hobbes, is said to be a Social Contract theorist, in that men must enter into this agreement, to

The role genetics plays determining someone essays

The role genetics plays determining someone essays What role does genetics play in the determination of someone's height? This can be answered with one simple answer. A person's height is factored mainly by genetics, but also that individual's environment. For instance, when my mother wanted to have a baby she stopped smoking, drinking soda and coffee, and everything else that mothers give up; however, she had a miscarriage. After that devastating time, her doctor told her not to change her every day life, and nine months later she gave birth to a healthy baby girl. My reason for telling this story is simple. I wanted to research this to find out if that possibly helped my genetic information in the determination of my height. Everyone thinks that just because his or her mother or father is tall they too will be tall. Saying a trait has a high chance of being inherited has never implied that its fated to be. Scientists from Oregon State University said that height is multi-factoral, meaning that not just many genes work together in determining final height, but the environment interacts with it as well. They also stated that the interactions with a persons environment might include gestation; the time while a mother is pregnant, during growing years, and also if he or she is exposed to cigarette smoke and/or alcohol before birth. A persons health and even birth order (in most cases, second children are taller than first born) are factors in his or her height. Dr. Trudy Wassenaar said that since there are so many different things that determine this genetic-based trait, it makes it very complex. But since height is controlled by more than one gene, if one gene doesnt work then you might not tall or short like you were programmed to be. Scientist from Oregon State University said that generally speaking, children inherit most of their physical features from their parents. Also, this means that the most likely reason for a person to be tall or short would ...

Quiz two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Quiz two - Essay Example The average cost of repairs under warranty is $45 for labour and $75 for parts per unit. During 2012, 2,500 exercise machines were sold at an average price of $800. During the year, 60 of the machines that were sold were repaired at the average price per unit. The opening balance in the Warranty Liability account is zero. 30. Taylor Companys payroll for the week ending January 15 amounted to $50,000 for Office Salaries and $120,000 for Store Wages. The following deductions were withheld from employees salaries and wages: On January 1, 2010, Andrews Corporation issued $900,000, 8%, 5-year bonds dated January 1, 2010, at 100 (this value was assumed as it was not given in the document) to yield 9%. The bonds pay semi-annual interest on January 1 and July 1. The company has a December 31 year end. On January 1, 2010, Callahan Corporation issued $600,000, 9%, 5-year bonds, dated January 1, 2007, at 104. The bonds pay interest semi-annually on January 1 and July 1. The company has a December 31 year end. Assume amortization of $1,700 and $2,100 respectively for the first two semi-annual interest periods. Hanna Manufacturing Limited receives $240,000 on January 1, 2010 when it issues a 6%, 3-year note payable to finance the purchase of equipment. The terms provide for annual payments each December 31. The first payment is due December 31, 2010. (a) Hillman Corporation purchased $150,000 of its bonds on June 30, 2011, at 102 and immediately retired them. The amortized cost of the bonds on the retirement date was $137,700. The bonds pay semi-annual interest and the interest payment due on June 30, 2011, has been made and recorded. (b) Dalton, Inc. purchased $200,000 of its bonds at 96 on June 30, 2011, and immediately retired them. The amortized cost of the bonds on the retirement date was $196,500. The bonds pay semi-annual interest and the interest payment due on June 30, 2011,

Compare and contrast the two companies on the various features shown Essay

Compare and contrast the two companies on the various features shown in each demo within your paper - Essay Example Interactive analysis and the presence of a powerful dashboard makes users very comfortable to create excel and securely share them across the enterprise. It enables IT teams to manage data and metadata in a central and control permissions as well as scale up to wide deployments in the enterprise. Tableau is a generational business intelligence and visual analysis software that the work by putting data on the hands of the individuals who needs the information (Havenstein, 2006). IBM Cognos is a business intelligence dashboarding solution that helps the user in monitoring, measuring and managing performance of corporates. At a glance, performance that are timely, factual and views of the business are provided by the dashboards. Anomalies that can turn into business issues that are of significant importance can be identified using IBM Cognos and the root causes can be dug deeper. IBM Cognos offer the following solutions to their users; personalization view of the information that are, deliverance of high degree visualization that have graphs, gauges and charts. IBM dashboard can be delivered easily in multiple formats that can suit specific needs of users who do business. Finally, they are easily managed from IT perspective. IBM Cognos has scorecard software that helps the individual to align teams and tactics with strategies, communicating goals consistently and monitoring performance against targets. Individuals can use IBM Cognos Scorecarding in management of the full scope of processes in business (Havenstein, 2007). Business intelligence is a term that means to end despite the approach used. The term end sounds decision making in the organization. Therefore, there is a need to understanding organization decision-making process. There is a need to differentiating information, data and knowledge in an organization. Information is differentiated from data by the use of context. When related to other data, data itself

The Importance Of Determining A Plant Location

The Importance Of Determining A Plant Location The location of a plant or facility is the geographical positioning of an operation relative to the input resources and other operations or customers with which it interacts. Andrew Greasly (2003) identified three main reasons why a location decision is required. The first reason is that a new company has been created and needs a facility to manufacture products or deliver a service to its customers. The second reason is that there is a decision to relocate an existing business due to a number of factors such as the need for larger premises or to be closer to a particular customer base. The third reason is relocate into new premises in order to expand operations. Decisions with regards to where an organisation can locate its plant or facility are not taken often, however they still tend to be very important for the firms profitability and long-term survival. An organisation which chooses an inappropriate location for its premises could suffer from a number of factors, and would find it difficult and expensive to relocate. Location decisions tend to be taken more often for service operations than manufacturing facilities. Facilities for service related businesses are usually smaller in size, less costly, and are located in a location that is convenient and easily accessible to customers (Russell and Taylor, 2003). When deciding where to locate a manufacturing facility different reasons apply, such as the cost of constructing a plant or factory. Although the most imporant factor for a service related business is access to customers, a set of different criteria are important for a manufacturing facility (Russell and Taylor, 2003). These include the nature of the labor force, proximity to suppliers and other markets, distribution and transportation costs, the availability of energy and its cost, community infrastructure, government regualtions and taxes, amongst others (Russell and Taylor, 2003). Location Strategy The facilities location problem is one of major importance in all types of business. It is important to notice the different problems that may arise whilst trying to choose a suitable location. Normally, the decision on siting proceeds in two stages: in the first, the general area is chosen; and then a detailed survey of that area is carried out to find suitable sites where the plant or facility could be located (Muhlemann, Oakland and Lockyer, 1992). However, the final decision as to where to locate a facility is made by taking into consideration more detailed requirements. The following are a number of factors which might influence the choice of location (Muhlemann, Oakland and Lockyer, 1992). Proximity to market: organisations may wish to locate their facility close to their market, to be able to lower transportation costs, and most importantly, to be able to provide their customers with a better service. If the plant or facility is located close to the customer, the organisation would be in a better position to provide just-in-time delivery, to respond to fluctuations in demand and to react to field or service problems. Availability of labour and skills: a number of geographical areas have traditional skills but it is very difficult for an organisation to find a location which has the appropriate skilled and unskilled labour, both readily available and in the desired quantities. Even so, new skills can be tought, processes simplified and key personnel moved from one area to another. Availability of amenities: organisations would prefer to locate their facilities in a location which provides good external amenities such as housing, shops, community services and communication systems. Availability of inputs: a location which is near main suppliers will help to reduce cost and allow staff to meet suppliers easily to discuss quality, technical or delivery problems, amongst others. It is also important that certain supplies which are expensive or difficult to procure by transport should be readily available in the locality. Availability of services: there are six main services which need to be considered whilst a location is being chosen namely; gas and electricity, water, drainage, disposal of waste and communications. An assessment must be made of the requirements for these, and a location which provides most or all of these services will be more attractive than another which does not. Room for expansion: organisations should leave room for expansion within the chosen location unless long term forecast convey very accurately that the plant will never have to be altered or expanded. This is often not the case and thus adequate room for expansion should be allowed. Safety requirements: certain production and manufacturing units may present potential hazards to the surrounding neighbourhood. For example certain plants such as nuclear power stations and chemical factories should be located in remote areas. Site cost: the cost of the site is a very important factor, however it is necessary to prevent immediate benefit from jeopardising the long-term plans of an organisation. Political, cultural and economic situation: it is also important to consider the political situation of potential locations. Even if other considerations demand a particular site, knowledge of the political, cultural and economic difficulties can assist in taking a number of decisions. Special grants, regional taxes and import/export barriers: it is often advantegous for an organisation to build its plant or facility in a location where the government and local authorities often offer special grants, low-interest loans, low rental or taxes and other grants. Location Selection Techniques The location selection process involves the identification of a suitable region/country, the indentification of an appropriate area within that region and finally comparing and selecting a site from that area which is suitable for an organisation. The following are a number of analytical techniques from the several that have been developed to assist firms when choosing a location. Weighted Score The weithed scoring technique tries to take a range of considerations into account, including cost (Greasly, 2006). This technique, which is also referred to as factor rating, consists of determining a list of factors that are relevant to the location decision. Each factor is then given a weighting that conveys its importance compared with the other factors. Each location is then scored on each factor and this score is multiplied by the factor value. The alternative with the highest score is then chosen (Greasly, 2006). Locational Break-Even Analysis This technique makes use of cost-volume analysis to make an economic comparison of location alternatives. An organisation would have to identify the fixed and variable costs and graphing them for each location, thus determining which one provides the lowest cost. Locational break-even analysis may be carried out mathematically or graphically. The procedure for graphical cost-volume analysis is as follows (Falzon, 2009): Determine the fixed and variable costs for each location. Plot the total cost (i.e. the fixed + the variable) lines for the location alternatives on the graph. Choose the location with the lowest total cost line at the expected production volume level. 2.1.2 Plant Layout According to Andrew Greasly (2007), the layout of a plant or facility is concerned with the physical placement of resources such as equipment and storage facilities, which should be designed to facilitate the efficient flow of customers or materials through the manufacturing or service system. He also noted that the layout design is very important and should be taken very seriously as it can have a significant impact on the cost and efficiency of an operation and can involve substantial investment in time and money. The decisions taken with regards to the facility layout will have a direct influence on how efficiently workers will be able to carry out their jobs, how much and how fast goods can be produced, how difficult it is to automate a system, and how the system in place would be able to respond to any changes with regards to product or service design, product mix, or demand volume (Russell and Taylor, 2003). In many operations the installation of a new layout, or redesign of an existing layout, can be difficult to change once they are implemented due to the significant investment required on items such as equipment. Therefore, it is imperative to make sure that the policy decisions relating to the organisation, method and work flow are made before the facilities are laid out rather than trying to fit these three into the layout. This is an important area of production and operations management since it is dealing with the capital equipment of the organisation which, in general, is difficult to relocate once it has been put into position. Muhlemann, Oakland and Lockyer (1992) explained that the plant layout process is rather complex, which cannot be set down with any finality, and one in which experience plays a great part. The author also explained that it is impossible for an organisation to design the perfect layout, however he discussed a number of criteria which should be followed to design a good layout, namely the following: Maximum Flexibility A good layout should be designed in such a way that modifications could rapidly take place to meet changing circumstances, and thus should be devised with the possible future needs of the operation in mind. Maximum Co-ordination The layout should be designed in such a way that entry into, and disposal from, any department or functional area should be carried out in the most convenient way to the issuing and recieving departments. Maximum use of volume The facility should be considered as cubic devices and maximum use is to be made of the volume available. This principle is useful in stores, where goods can be stored at considerable heights without causing any inconvenience. Maximum visibility The authors further insists that all the workers and materials should be readily observable at all times and that there should be no hidden places into which goods or information might get misplaced and forgotten. Organisations should be careful when they make use of partitioning or screening as these may introduce undesirable segregation which reduces the effective use of floor space. Maximum accessibility The machinery, equipment and other installations should not in any way obstruct the servicing and maintenance points, which should be readily accessible at all times. Obstructing certain service points such as electricity and water mains could hinder the production process in place. Minimum distance and Material handling All movements taking place within the plant should be both necessary and direct. Handling work does add the cost but does not increase the value, thus any unecessary movement should be avoided and if present, eliminated. It is best not to handle the material and information, however if this is necessary it should be reduced to a minimum by making use of appropriate devices. Inherent Safety All processes which might constitute a danger to either the staff or customers should not be accessible to the unauthorised. Fire exists should be clearly marked with uninhibited access and pathways should be clearly defined and uncluttered. Unidirectional Flow All materials which are being used in the production process should always flow in one direction, starting from the storage, passing through all processes and facilities, and finally resulting in the finished product which is later dispatched for storage or sold directly to the customer. Management Coordination Supervision and communication should be assisted by the location of staff and communication equipment in place within the chosen layout. 2.2 Quality Management There is a widespread acceptance that organisations view quality as an important strategic core competence and a vital competitive weapon which should be used to gain a competitive advantage at the expense of rivals. Several organisations have been able to reep a number of benefits, such as substanstial cost savings and higher revenues, after implementing a quality improvement process into their operations. Subsequently, this led them to invest substantial amounts of money yearly on implementing and sustaining quality programmes and intiatives. The American National Standards Institution (ANSI) and the American Society for Quality Control (ASQC) define quality as the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy given needs. Similarily, Feigenbaum (2005), who is an American quality control expert, has defined quality as the total composite product and service characteristics of marketing, engineering, manufacture, and maintenance through which the product and service in use will meet the expectation by the customer. Put simply, this refers to an organisations ability to manufacture a product or deliver a service which satisfy the customers requirements and needs, and which conform to specifications. Muhlemann, Oakland and Lockyer, authors of Production and Operations Management (1992), noted that organisations must be dedicated to the continous improvement of quality and must implement systematic control systems that are designed to prevent the production or delivery of products or services which do not conform to requirements. To facilitate this process, organisations should first set up a quality policy statement which describes their general quality orientation and which is used to assist as a framework for action. Once set up, top management would be required to: ensure that is it understood at all levels of the organisation; identify the needs of the organisations customers; evaluate the organisations ability to meet these needs; make sure that all the materials and services supplied fit the required standards of efficiency and performance; continously train the workforce for quality improvement; assess and monitor the quality management systems in place. 2.2.1 Quality Control and Assurance in the Conversion Process Ray Wild (2002) has noted that the capability of the conversion process directly influences the degree to which the product or service conforms to the given specification. If the conversion process is capable of producing products or services at the specified level, then the products or services are provided at the desired quality level. Once the specification of the output is known and an appropriate process is available, management must ensure that the output will conform to the specification. In order to achieve this objective Ray Wild (2002) has defined three different stages which are outlined in figure 2.1; each discussed below. Figure 2.: The stages, processes and procedures of quality control and assurance Essentials of Operations Management by Ray Wild (2002) Control of Inputs Before accepting any items as inputs, organisations must make sure that they conform to the required specifications and standards. Normally, before items are supplied to an organisation, they are subjected to some form of quality control by the supplier. The organisation might also ask its suppliers for information about the quality of the items whilst they are being prepared, ask for a copy of the final inspection documentation, or ask a third party such as an insurance company to make sure that all the items supplied conform to the required quality standards. Even so, organisations still find the need to inspect the items supplied once they are recieved and before they are inserted into the conversion process. This inspection can be carried out by either inspecting every item recieved from suppliers, or by making use of the acceptance sampling procedure, which consists of taking a random sample from a larger batch or lot of material to be inspected. Organisations might also make use of the vendor rating procedure whereby suppliers are rated by taking into account a number of quality related factors such as the percentage of acceptable items recieved in the past, the quality of the packaging, and the price. Control of Process All manufacturing organisations must make sure that appropriate inspection is carried out during operations to ensure that defective items do not proceed to the next operations, and also to predict when the process is most likely to produce faulty items so that preventive adjustments could be adopted (Ray Wild 2002). The quality control of the production process is facilitated by making use of control charts, which convey whether the process looks as though it is performing as it should, or alternatively if it is going out of control. One of the benefits of this procedure is that it helps management to take action before problems actually take place. Ray Wild (2002) also notes that organisations should establish procedures for the selection and inspection of items which are used in the conversion process, for the recording and analysis of data, scrapping of defectives, and for feedback of information. Control of Outputs Organisations must ensure that the qulity inspection of output items is carried out effectively since any undetected defective items would be passed on to the customer. The inspection of output items is normally carried out by making use of a sampling procedure, such as acceptance sampling, or by carrying out exhaustive checks. Ray Wild (2002) notes that it is vital for an organisation to have in place suitable procedures designed for the collection and retention of inspection data, for the correction, replacement or further examination of defective items, and for the adjustment or modification of either previous inspection or processing operations in order to eliminate the production of defective items. 2.2.2 HACCP Nowadays, the food industry is responsible of producing safe products and also for conveying in a transparent manner how the safety of food is being planned, controlled and assured. In order to do so, organisations in the food industry need a system which will ensure that food operations are designed to be safe and that potential hazards are taken into account (Mitchell, 1992). One such system is the Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points which is a scientific and systematic method used to assure food safety, and a tool for the development, implementation and management of effective safety assurance procedures (Ropkins and Beck, 2000). The HACCP is known to be one of the best methods used for assuring product safety and is considered as a prerequisite for food manufacturing companies who wish to export their products into international markets. The objective of the HACCP system is to guarantee that the safe production of food by implementing a quality system which covers the complete food production chain, from the promary sector up to the final consuming of the product (Fai Pun and Bhairo-Beekhoo, 2007). It is capable of analysing the potential hazards in a food operation, identifying the points in the operation where the hazards may take place, and deciding which of these may be harmful to consumers (Mitchell, 2002). These points, which are referred to as the critical control points, are continously monitored and remedial action is effected if any of these points are not within safe limits. The HACCP is the system of choice in the management of food safety; one which is highly promoted by the food safety authorities in the United States, Canada and European Union. 2.3 Just-In-Time Scheduling 2.3.1 Scheduling in Manufacturing Decision making with regards to scheduling has become a very important factor in manufacturing as well as in service industries. Scheduling is a decision making process whereby limited resources are allocated to specific tasks over time in order to produce the desired outputs at the desired time (Psarras and Ergazakis, 2003). This process helps organisations to allocate their resources properly, which would further enable them to optimise their objectives and achieve their goals. A number of functions, conveyed in figure 2.2, must be performed whilst scheduling and controlling a production operation. Figure 2.: Functions performed in scheduling and controlling a production operation Adopted from the journal,Production scheduling in ERP systems, by Psarras Ergazakis (2003) In manufacturing systems, scheduling is highly dependent on the volume and variety mix of the manufacturing system itself. Mass process-type systems, which normally make use of a flow (product) layout where a standard item is produced in high volumes, make use of specialised equipment dedicated to achieve an optimal flow of work throughout the system (Greasly, 2006). Greasly notes that this is very important since all items follow the same sequence of operations. One of the most important objectives of a flow system is to make sure that production is kept at an equal rate in each production that takes place. This could be ensured by making use of the line balancing technique, which makes sure that the output of each production stage is equal and that all resources all fully utilised (Greasly, 2006). 2.3.2 Just-In-Time The Just-In-Time Philosophy The just-in-time philosophy originated from the Japanese auto maker Toyota after Taiichi Ohno came up with the Toyota Production System whose aim was to interface manufacturing more closely with the companys customers and suppliers. This particular philosophy is an approach to manufacturing which seeks to provide the right amount of material when it is required, which in turn leads to the reduction of work-in-progress inventories and aims to maximise productivity within the production process (Singh and Brar, 1991). The authors, Slack, Chambers and Johnston, of Operations Management (2001) defined the JIT philosophy as a disciplined approach to improving overall productivity and elimination of waste. They also state that it provides for the necessary quantity of parts at the right quality, at the right time and place, while using a minimum amount of facilities, equipment, materials and human resources. Thus, put simply the JIT system of production is one based on the philosophy of to tal elimination of waste, which seeks the utmost rationality in the way production is carried out. Bicheno (1991) further states that JIT aims to meet demand instantaneously, with perfect quality and no waste. In order to achieve this, an organisation requires a whole new approach in how it operates. Harrison (1992) identified three important issues as the core of JIT philosophy, namely the elimination of waste, the involvement of everyone and continous improvement. The following is a brief description of these three key issues (adapted from Operations Management by Andrew Greasly, 2006). Eliminate Waste Waste may be defined as any activity which does not add value to the operation. Ohno (1995) and Toyota have identified seven types of waste, which apply in many different types of operations, in both manufacturing and service industries. All of these types of wastes are displayed in figure 2.3 below. The involvement of everyone Organisations that implement a JIT system are able to create a new culture where all employees are encouraged to continously improve by coming up with ideas for improvements and by performing a range of functions. In order to involve employees as much as possible, organisations would have to provide training to staff in a wide range of areas and techniques, such as Statistical Process Control and more general problem solving techniques (Andrew Greasley 2002). Figure 2.: Types of wastes present in different types of operations Operations Management by Andrew Greasly (2002) Continuous Improvement Slack and Johnston (2001) note that JIT objectives are often expressed as ideals. Futhermore, Greasly (2002) states that through this philosophy, organisations would be able to get to these ideals of JIT by a continuous stream of improvements over time. The Benefits of Just-In-Time According to Russell and Taylor (2003), after fives years from implementing JIT a number of U.S. manufacturers were able to benefit from 90 percent reductions in manufacturing cycle time, 70 percent reductions in inventory, 50 percent reductions in labour costs, and 80 percent reductions in space requirements. These results are not achieved by each and every organisation that implements a JIT system, however JIT does provide a wide range of benefits, including: Reduced inventory Improved quality Lower costs Reduced space requirements Shorter lead time Increased productivity Greater flexibility Better relations with suppliers Simplified scheduling and control activities Better use of human resources Increased capacity More product variety 2.4 Health and Safety Management The International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) define occupational health as the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; and the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological capabilities. Many countries have introduced legislation which requires employers to manage the health and safety of their employees, and others who might be affected (Waring, 1996). To honour health and safety legislation, organisations have found it necessary to introduce active programmes of accident prevention. The preparation of a properly though-out health and safety policy, which is continously monitored, could dramatically reduce or eliminate injuries and damage to health (Muhlemann, Oakland and Lockyer, 1992). 2.4.1 Responsibilities for Safety All employees in an organisation should be active in creating and maintaining healthy and safe working conditions which are aimed to avoid accidents. Once a health and safety policy is established in an organisation, roles and responsibilities should be allocated within the management structure (Muhlemann, Oakland and Lockyer, 1992). As with other areas such as quality and production within an organisation, health and safety would only be able to progress successfully if all employees are fully co-operative and committed in doing so. A number of organisations have encouraged this total involvement by creating safety representitives, committees, and group discussions whereby all employees in a particular unit meet periodically for discussions about safety (Muhlemann, Oakland and Lockyer, 1992). 2.4.2 Planning for Safety Systematic planning is required to ensure effective planning for health and safety in all workplaces. A health and safety policy should be part of a continous review process which has no tolerance for accidents. This could only take place if the organisation in question adopts a strategy of never-ending improvement (Muhlemann, Oakland and Lockyer, 1992). It should set the scene from the top with regards to top management beliefs, intentions, priorities and requirement from managers and workforce (Waring, 1996). The overall plan should be made up of the basic elements conveyed in figure 2.4 below.

Discussion Non Economic Development Essay

* Why might a country in an early stage of economic and technical development want to limit importation of goods from more developed countries? They might want to sale the same products that these developed countries already have mastered and marketed well. It might be in there interest to enact protectionist legislation. They want to be able sale as much of their domestic product without competition from dominant developed countries firms. This would increase the market share available to sale to their citizens. * When the U.  S. enacts tariffs on lumber imported from Canada who in the U. S. benefits from that tariff (not counting the government itself since that’s where the money paid as a tariff goes)? Who’s hurt? U. S. lumber companies and its stakeholders all benefit from tariffs enacted by the Federal government against lumber imported. This makes U. S. lumber companies more competitive and limits the amount of Canadian lumber able to enter US markets. US consumers are hurt by these tariffs we are not able to get the best possible price. It is not good for commerce in general for the government to be creating artificial prices. The market should be creating prices through supply and demand from interactions between buyers and sellers. * What is the impact of global commerce on world peace? Global commerce is helpful in some areas but it can be the thing that will start the next world war. For centuries man has been fighting over the right to control markets and be able to do business in certain parts of the world. There are obviously not enough resources for every country to be strong producers of products as the United States. It is a fact of capitalism that everyone cannot be the rich. Every country can’t be sellers of the same product. The closest possible thing we can do is get some equality. I do not see how developing countries can advance to the level of US-like status without the US or other developed countries declining.

Lack of Mother’s Love Leads to Self Destruction Essay

In D. H. Lawrence’s short story â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner,† Paul’s determination, hunger for love and self-destructiveness result from a lack of love from his mother. Living in a family that equates money with luck, and love, Paul misunderstands what he needs to do to be considered successful. The result of his mother’s self absorption and general coldness causes Paul to eventually ride his luck to the end of his life in a failed search for love. Paul’s determination He wishes to make the house stop murmuring, â€Å"There must be more money!† Paul wants to prove his mother wrong that he is unlucky Severe anxiety over his inability to predict the winners in the big races of the year furthers Paul’s determination Paul’s hunger for love His mother’s behavior toward her children is cold and egotistical Paul equates money with love as learned from his mother His desire to give his mother money as a â€Å"birthday present† to take away her cares Paul’s self-destructive behavior His never-ending quest for â€Å"luck† He assents to give his mother all five thousand pounds when she asks for a lump sum Paul feels he must work harder to come up with the Derby race winner since his mother has squandered the previous money, which leads to his death

Rental And Leasing Services At E Commerce - 1304 Words

Rental and Leasing Services in E-commerce Nowadays, companies provide rental and leasing services on the network is a common type of E-commerce and this industry become more and more widely welcome by people along with the rise of E-commerce. This is because rental and leasing services provide greatly convenient to customers and typically save the budget of customers. There are some well-known E-business companies provide such services like Amazon and Borrowlenses, or other professional sites such as bookrenter, rent the run way and so on. Redbox - HYPERLINK http://www.redbox.com/ http://www.redbox.com/ Amazon - HYPERLINK http://www.amazon.com/ http://www.amazon.com/ Rent the run way - HYPERLINK https://www.renttherunway.com/ https://www.renttherunway.com/ More and more E-commerce industry started to provide rental services. It is not just a one-time purchase and it already including clothing, luxury goods, real estate and so on. This interaction rental model of E-commerce was developed under the background which contain a huge potential demand and still need to guide to develop. This business model based on the demand of lessee which provide a supply and demand information interaction and an online and offline business interaction. It s an electronic expression of lease business model. This model consists of online information service system and operation systems offline. The online information service system including information collection of rentalShow MoreRelatedEnterprise rent a Car Strategy3278 Words   |  13 Pageslargest car rental companies in North America. It specializes in providing customers temporary or a replacement vehicle. Jack Taylor founded the company in 1957 where he started Enterprise Rent-A-Car as an Executive Leasing Company with only seven cars. The company began leasing cars for longer periods. 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